Music only meke me stronger

hello people today i wana talck about music .Whatis music and what represent for us Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence. Its common elements are pitch , rhythm , tempo, meter and dinamics. The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions through improvisational music to aleatoric forms.To many people in many cultures, music is an important part of their way of life. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Western cultures have had a major influence on the development of music. The history of the music of the Western cultures can be traced back to Ancient Greece times. The music is use and in special therapy my favorite music is hip hop and rap music becouse meke me fell chill and have alweys a mesage i don t like popoular artist with negative mesages just undergownd artis .. and widout music auers life will be empy . The music give us power le t s fell today togeter the power of music:) with love Adonis i weinting for guys ho wana enjoy some music with me:D

Holidays are coming

hey guys what a great day is today i fell great last night i was so nervous becous i can t slep .. to much energy heheheh so people today i waana say the winther holidays will be here soon so i can sai i fell the magic in the air i can bread more easy i fill more good more powerful ,, and i will meke my sould more clean . All of us need to be more good look at your broather see if him is no t in a good position like yoou maybe him don t have eniting to eat and you have to much ... about me i can sai i wana help everybody to meke a world better for all i m agiens rasism , agien material stuff mony the eyes of the devill is with everybody the evil is in all of us ..A we need somting to ge t more clouse of GOD , becouse GOOD is 1 in all religion HIm is the power of life the light of sun the darck of night all of us need to be more confident , more friendly more good and to take care of all people in misery and in bad condition ,i wana sai all of us are human so let s show that the human inside us let escape for bad tinck what we have in head let s fell the magic of haven .. I tell that to me to no just to other people i try to to be more chill and good let s be little agien:D

A regular day for me

Hey today i wana open myself and le t everybody to knoew more about me and i will tell how is a day of ADonis life . Mmmmm so letb s start every day i weck up at 9:oo morning and i take a shower after i meke somting to eat i like to eat a lott becouse the food meke u stronger and bigger my advice is if u wan abuid some muscle and u wana get biger eat , eat , eat more and more is just about that about alimentation and of course don t froget the train if u don t train yourself alot all of that will be just a weist of time:) so after i eat i stey 30 min in bed and i go to gym , in the gym i stey about 2 or 1,30 hours nad i meke a single muscular grop on day .. a soecific train day by day i will talck abouth that in a other day ..Aafter i finish my trainament i meke a showere i go home i taike some supliments , exemple vitamins , minerals , carbo, proteib , creatine sonmting to help me to get on the tom after that ui eat agien somting with more carbo becouse i wana get bigger now .. and i slep 1 hour and i come online to see my friend s here after that wen i finish my program online i eat and ofcourse i sleap hehehe that is a recular day for me .. i invit everybody in my room to talck more about everiting with love Adonis

Impact of the sport

If is something ho represent me that is sport , All my live i do that sport is something what i do every day and i can say i lovet a lott ,from the begining i was full of amition and i can say i wan in topm and was a time wen i have some problem some accidents and i louse everiting.. but that stip me? i tell you no t never i don t know that word to quit... i started agien and agien and evry failure meke me tinck why to end? why i can t be more stronger , why i can t look more better , why others look better den me ..And i have a andsuer they train more, they eat more, they rest more than me .. they have more ambition .. and that meke me tinck i have ambition ? and the ansuer was yes i have a lott and i dedicate all my free time to dat ,, i go to train myself on the playgrownd , on the gym in evry place i can do that .my favorit sport was rugby and is a great spor i was a player for 6 years and i was in the pro but now i quit to that becouse i have a acident.. and i start to go to gym and i have a other sport in my heart that is bodybuilding i like bug guys with huge muscle but is no t my tipe i just wana look good and be athletic and i will talck about atletick train...Athletic training is practiced by athletic trainers, health care professionals who collaborate with physicians to optimize activity and participation of patients and clients. Athletic training encompasses the prevention, diagnosis, and intervention of emergency, acute and chronic medical conditions involving impairment, functional limitations and disabilities.. for that u neet to do a special diet bu t the true is i eat everiting becouse my scoupe now is to grow muscle come in my page and meke a train with me i weit fpor u ADonis:)

Where is the love?

what can i say today i wana rite somting about the time ho go very fast , about the special day ho will be come very soon and about the semnification of this day.. i see every day somting is changing the afection , poilte, gentil and sweeet stuf are mising day by day what we will do to chance that ... i don t know bu t i tinck we need to be more good inside.. the solds need to be open with some warm the winther holidays are clouse and i guess that have a special semnification the people neeed to be more goon and the evil tincks are need to gooo far of us ... we need to be more lovely and more kind to give a exemple for all world wee need to do somting to change that we need more love ..and i seee that day by day and i try to do somting i clouse my eyes wen somebody want fight and i open my arms wen sombody want love i m here to give a warm hug and sweet kisss like candy i m here to meke your wishes to me true and to don t fell u alone i m your guy next dorr wen u fell alone u will have me wen u wana have somting to tell and is nobody with u you have me... pece and love:)

history

HistoryThe documented history of athletic training began in 1950 with the foundation of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA).[4] According to Alexis Kragenbrink, a writer for LiveStrong.com, it was believed that athletic trainers were first recognized at the Olympic games in the early 20th century to aid athletes when they sustained injuries.[5] In the United States, athletic trainers were more widely recognized when intercollegiate and interscholastic sports began.[6] The first major text on athletic training and the care of athletic injuries was called The Trainer's Bible written in 1917 by S. E. Bilik.[7] Early athletic trainers had "no technical knowledge, their athletic training techniques usually consisted of a rub, the application of some type of counterirritant, and occasionally the prescription of various home remedies and poultices".[8] In 1920, the Cramer family started a line of products used by athletic trainers and wrote a book in 1932 entitled First Aider.[9]The first athletic training curriculum approved by NATA was in 1959 and the amount of athletic training programs began to grow throughout colleges and universities in the United States. In the early development of the major, athletic training was geared more towards prepping the student for teaching at the secondary level, emphasizing on health and physical education. This program was first introduced at an undergraduate level in 1969 to the schools of Mankato State University, Indiana State University, Lamar University, and the University of New Mexico.[10]Through the years athletic training has evolved to be defined as "health care professionals who specialize in preventing, recognizing, managing, and rehabilitating injures". During the 1970s the NATA Professional Education Committee formed a list of objectives to define athletic training as a major course of study and to eliminate it as a secondary-level teaching credential. By June 1982, there were nine NATA-approved graduate athletic training education programs. On July 1, 1986, this work was used to implement athletic training as a major course of study in at least 10 colleges and universities, and to only start the development of the major in a handful of others.[11]Once athletic training was recognized as an allied health profession the process of accrediting programs began. NATA's Professional Education Committee (PEC) was the first to take on this role of approving athletic training educational programs. The AMA's Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation (CAHEA) was given the responsibility in 1993 to develop requirements for the programs of entry-level athletic trainers. At this time all programs had to go through the CAHEA accreditation process. A year later CAHEA was broken up and replaced with the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), which then lead the accreditation process. In 2003 JRC-AT, Joint Review Committee on Athletic Training completely took over the process and became an independent accrediting agency like all other allied health professions had. Three years later JRC-AT officially became the Committee for Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE),[12] which is fully in charge of accrediting athletic training programs in the United States. NATA produced the NATABOC in 1969 in order to implement a certification process for the profession for an entry-level athletic trainer. In 1989, became an independent non-profit corporation and soon later changed its name to the Board of Certification (BOC).[13]

Female bodybuilding

The first U.S. Women's National Physique Championship, promoted by Henry McGhee and held in Canton, Ohio in 1978, is generally regarded as the first true female bodybuilding contest - that is, the first contest where the entrants were judged solely on muscularity.[10] In 1980 the first Ms. Olympia (initially known as the "Miss" Olympia), the most prestigious contest for professionals, was held. The first winner was Rachel McLish who had also won the NPC's USA Championship earlier in the year. The contest was a major turning point for the sport of women's bodybuilding. McLish inspired many future competitors to start training and competing. In 1985, a movie called Pumping Iron II: The Women was released. This film documented the preparation of several women for the 1983 Caesars Palace World Cup Championship. Competitors prominently featured in the film were Kris Alexander, Lori Bowen,Lydia Cheng, Carla Dunlap, Bev Francis, and Rachel McLish. At the time, Francis was actually a powerlifter, though she soon made a successful transition to bodybuilding, becoming one of the leading competitors of the late 1980s and early 1990s.In recent years, the related areas of fitness and figure competition have gained in popularity, surpassing that of female bodybuilding, and have provided an alternative for women who choose not to develop the level of muscularity necessary for bodybuilding. Rachel McLish would closely resemble what is thought of today as a fitness and figure competitor instead of what is now considered a female bodybuilder. Fitness competitions also have a gymnastic element to them.

Overtraining

OvertrainingMain article: OvertrainingOvertraining occurs when a bodybuilder has trained to the point where his workload exceeds his recovery capacity. There are many reasons that overtraining occurs, including lack of adequate nutrition, lack of recovery time between workouts, insufficient sleep, and training at a high intensity for too long (a lack of splitting apart workouts). Training at a high intensity too frequently also stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) and can result in a hyper-adrenergic state that interferes with sleep patterns.[39] To avoid overtraining, intense frequent training must be met with at least an equal amount of purposeful recovery. Timely provision of carbohydrates, proteins, and various micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, even nutritional supplements are acutely critical.It has been argued that overtraining can be beneficial. One article published by Muscle & Fitness magazine stated that you can "Overtrain for Big Gains". It suggested that if one is planning a restful holiday and they do not wish to inhibit their bodybuilding lifestyle too much, they should overtrain before taking the holiday, so the body can rest easily and recuperate and grow. Overtraining can be used advantageously, as when a bodybuilder is purposely overtrained for a brief period of time to super compensate during a regeneration phase. These are known as "shock micro-cycles" and were a key training technique used by Soviet athletes.[40] However, the vast majority of overtraining that occurs in average bodybuilders is generally unplanned and completely unnecessary.[41]

performance enhancing substances

Performance enhancing substancesSome bodybuilders use drugs such as anabolic steroids and precursor substances such as prohormones to increase muscle hypertrophy. Anabolic steroids cause muscle hypertrophy of both types (I and II) of muscle fibers caused likely by an increased synthesis of muscle proteins and are accompanied with undesired side effects including hepatotoxicity, gynecomastia, acne, male pattern baldness and a decline in the body's own testosterone production, which can cause testicular atrophy.[32][33][34] Other performance enhancing substances used by competitive bodybuilders include human growth hormone (HGH), which can cause acromegaly.Muscle growth is more difficult to achieve in older adults than younger adults because of biological aging, which leads to many metabolic changes detrimental to muscle growth; for instance, by diminishing growth hormone and testosterone. Some recent clinical studies have shown that low-dose HGH treatment for adults with HGH deficiency changes the body composition by increasing muscle mass, decreasing fat mass, increasing bone density and muscle strength, improves cardiovascular parameters, and affects the quality of life without significant side effects.[3RestAlthough muscle stimulation occurs in the gym (or home gym) when lifting weights, muscle growth occurs afterward during rest. Without adequate rest and sleep (7 to 8 hours), muscles do not have an opportunity to recover and build. About eight hours of sleep a night is desirable for the bodybuilder to be refreshed, although this varies from person to person.[38] Additionally, many athletes find a daytime nap further increases their body's ability to build muscle.

meals and dietary supplements

MealsBodybuilders often split their food intake for the day into 5 to 7 meals of roughly equal nutritional content and attempt to eat at regular intervals (e.g. every 2 to 3 hours). This method can serve two purposes: to limit overindulging in the cutting phase, and to physically allow for the consumption of large volumes of food during the bulking phase. Contrary to popular belief, eating more frequently does not increase basal metabolic rate when compared to the traditional 3 meals a day. While food does have a metabolic cost to digest, absorb, and store, called the thermic effect of food, it depends on the quantity and type of food, not how the food is spread across the meals of the day. Well-controlled studies using whole-body calorimetry and doubly labeled water have demonstrated that there is no metabolic advantage to eating more frequently.[27][28][29]Dietary supplementsMain article: Bodybuilding supplementThe important role of nutrition in building muscle and losing fat means bodybuilders may consume a wide variety of dietary supplements.[30] Various products are used in an attempt to augment muscle size, increase the rate of fat loss, improve joint health, increase natural testosterone production, enhance training performance and prevent potential nutrient deficiencies. There are three major macronutrients that the human body needs in order for muscle building. The major nutrients-protein, carbohydrate, and fat-provide the body with energy

Protein

ProteinProtein milkshakes, made from protein powder (center) and milk (left), are a common bodybuilding supplement.The motor proteins actin and myosin generate the forces exerted by contracting muscles. Current advice says that bodybuilders should consume 25-30% of protein per total calorie intake to further their goal of maintaining and improving their body composition.[21] This is a widely debated topic, with many arguing that 1 gram of protein per pound of body weight per day is ideal, some suggesting that less is sufficient, while others recommending 1.5, 2, or more.[22] It is believed that protein needs to be consumed frequently throughout the day, especially during/after a workout, and before sleep.[23] There is also some debate concerning the best type of protein to take. Chicken, turkey, beef, pork, fish, eggs and dairy foods are high in protein, as are some nuts, seeds, beans and lentils. Casein or whey are often used to supplement the diet with additional protein. Whey protein is the type of protein contained in many popular brands of protein supplements, and is preferred by many bodybuilders because of its high Biological Value (BV) and quick absorption rates. Bodybuilders are usually thought to require protein with a higher BV than that of soy, which is additionally avoided due to its claimed estrogenic properties. Still, some nutrition experts believe that soy, flax seeds and many other plants that contain the weak estrogen-like compounds or phytoestrogens can be used beneficially, as phytoestrogens compete with estrogens for receptor sites in the male body and can block its actions. This can also include some inhibition of pituitary functions while stimulating the P450 system (the system that eliminates hormones, drugs and metabolic waste product from the body) in the liver to more actively process and excrete excess estrogen.[24][25] Cortisol decreases amino acid uptake by muscle, and inhibits protein synthesis.[26]Some bodybuilders, such as Patrik Baboumian and Robert Cheeke follow a strict vegan diet.

nutrition carbo

a big part of nutrition are the carbohydrates..the give for your body the energy necesare for trainament..CarbohydratesCarbohydrates play an important role for bodybuilders. Carbohydrates give the body energy to deal with the rigors of training and recovery. Carbohydrates also promote Bodybuilders use three main strategies to maximize muscle hypertrophy: Strength training through weights or elastic/hydraulic resistance Specialized nutrition, incorporating extra protein[citation needed] and supplements when necessary Adequate rest, including sleep and recuperation between workoutssecretion of insulin, a hormone enabling cells to get the glucose they need. Insulin also carries amino acids into cells and promotes protein synthesis.[18] Insulin has steroid-like effects in terms of muscle gains.[citation needed] It is impossible to promote protein synthesis without the existence of insulin, and which means without carbohydrates, it is impossible to add muscle mass.[19] Bodybuilders seek out low-glycemic polysaccharides and other slowly digesting carbohydrates, which release energy in a more stable fashion than high-glycemic sugars and starches. This is important as high-glycemic carbohydrates cause a sharp insulin response, which places the body in a state where it is likely to store additional food energy as fat. However, bodybuilders frequently do ingest some quickly digesting sugars (often in form of pure dextrose or maltodextrin) after a workout. This may help to replenish glycogen stores within the muscle, and to stimulate muscle protein synthesis.[20]Protein

meals and nutrition

MealsBodybuilders often split their food intake for the day into 5 to 7 meals of roughly equal nutritional content and attempt to eat at regular intervals (e.g. every 2 to 3 hours). This method can serve two purposes: to limit overindulging in the cutting phase, and to physically allow for the consumption of large volumes of food during the bulking phase. Contrary to popular belief, eating more frequently does not increase basal metabolic rate when compared to the traditional 3 meals a day. While food does have a metabolic cost to digest, absorb, and store, called the thermic effect of food, it depends on the quantity and type of food, not how the food is spread across the meals of the day. Well-controlled studies using whole-body calorimetry and doubly labeled water have demonstrated that there is no metabolic advantage to eating more frequently.[27][28][29]NutritionThe high levels of muscle growth and repair achieved by bodybuilders require a specialized diet. Generally speaking, bodybuilders require more calories than the average person of the same weight to provide the protein and energy requirements needed to support their training and increase muscle mass. A sub-maintenance level of food energy is combined with cardiovascular exercise to lose body fat in preparation for a contest. The ratios of food energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats vary depending on the goals of the bodybuilder.[17]

weight training

Weight trainingMain articles: Weight training and Strength trainingWeight training causes micro-tears to the muscles being trained [14][citation needed]; this is generally known as microtrauma. These micro-tears in the muscle contribute to the soreness felt after exercise, called delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). It is the repair to these micro-trauma that result in muscle growth. Normally, this soreness becomes most apparent a day or two after a workout. However, as muscles become adapted to the exercises, soreness tends to decrease.[15]Weight training aims to build muscle by prompting two different types of hypertrophy: sarcoplasmic hypertrophy and myofibrillar hypertrophy. Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy leads to larger muscles and so is favored by bodybuilders more than myofibrillar hypertrophy which builds athletic strength. Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy is triggered by increasing repetitions, whereas myofibrillar hypertrophy is triggered by lifting heavier weight.[16] In either case, there is an increase in size and strength of the muscles (compared to if that same individual does not lift weights at all). However, the emphasis is different.Many trainees like to cycle between the two methods in order to prevent the body from adapting (maintaining a progressive overload), possibly emphasizing whichever method more suits their goals. I.e, a bodybuilder will use sarcoplasmic hypertrophy most of the time, but may change to myofibrillar hypertrophy temporarily in order to move past a plateau. However, no real evidence has been provided to show that trainees ever reach this plateau, and rather was more of a hype created from 'muscular confusion.'

pre competition

Pre-competitionIn the week leading up to a contest, bodybuilders may decrease their consumption of water, sodium and carbohydrates, the former two to alter how water is retained by the body and the latter to reduce glycogen in the muscle. The day before the show, water is removed from the diet, and diuretics may be introduced, while carbohydrate loading to increase the size of the muscles through replenishment of their glycogen. The goal is to maximize leanness and increase the visibility of veins, or \"vascularity.\" The appearance of veins is further enhanced immediately before appearing on stage by darkening the skin through tanning products, and applying oils to the skin to increase shine. Some competitors will eat sugar-rich foods to increase the visibility of their veins. A final step is the use of weights to fill the muscles with blood and further increase their size.Muscle growthBodybuilders use three main strategies to maximize muscle hypertrophy:Strength training through weights or elastic/hydraulic resistanceSpecialized nutrition, incorporating extra protein[citation needed] and supplements when necessaryAdequate rest, including sleep and recuperation between workouts.Clean bulkingMany non-competitive bodybuilders choose not to adopt the conventional strategy, as it often results in significant unwanted fat gain during the "bulking" phase. The attempt to increase muscle mass in one's body without any gain in fat is called clean bulking. Competitive bodybuilders focus their efforts to achieve a peak appearance during a brief "competition season".[citation needed]Dirty bulking"Dirty bulking" is the process of eating at a caloric surplus, without finding the exact number macronutrients (carbs, fats, and proteins). Weight lifters who are attempting to gain mass quickly often choose to use the "dirty bulk" method.

competition

In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders aspire to develop and maintain an aesthetically pleasing body and balanced physique.[11][12] In prejudging, competitors do a series of mandatory poses - the front lat spread, the rear lat spread, the front double biceps, the back double biceps, the side chest, the side triceps, the Most Muscular (men only), and the thigh-abdominal pose. Each competitor also performs a routine to display the physique. A posedown is usually held at the end of a posing round, while judges are finishing their scoring. Bodybuilders spend time practicing their posing, since they are judged on it.In contrast to strongman or powerlifting competitions where physical strength is important, or to Olympic weightlifting, where the main point is equally split between strength and technique, bodybuilding competitions typically emphasize condition, size and symmetry. Different organizations emphasize particular aspects of competition, and sometimes have different categories in which to compete.Cutting and bulkingThe general strategy adopted by most present-day competitive bodybuilders is to make muscle gains for most of the year (known as the "off-season") and approximately 12-14 weeks from competition attempt to lose body fat (referred to as "cutting"). The bulking phase entails remaining in a net positive energy balance (calorie surplus). The amount of a surplus that a person remains in is based on the person's goals, as a bigger surplus and longer bulking phase will create more fat tissue. The surplus of calories relative to one's energy balance will ensure that muscles remain in a state of anabolism. The cutting phase entails remaining in a net negative energy balance (calorie deficit). The main goal of cutting is to oxidize fat but also to preserve as much muscle as possible. The larger the calorie deficit, the faster one will lose weight. However, a large calorie deficit will also create the risk of losing muscle tissue.[13]The precise effectiveness of the cutting and bulking strategy is unknown, with only limited observational case studies on the subject. No studies involving precise hypercaloric feeding combined with resistance exercise have been conducted.

recent developments

Olympic sport discussionIn the early 2000s, the IFBB was attempting to make bodybuilding an Olympic sport. It obtained full IOC membership in 2000 and was attempting to get approved as a demonstration event at the Olympics which would hopefully lead to it being added as a full contest. This did not happen. Olympic recognition for bodybuilding remains controversial since many argue that bodybuilding is not a sport.[ .In 2003, Joe Weider sold Weider Publications to AMI, which owns The National Enquirer. The position of president of the IFBB was filled by Rafael Santonja following the death of Ben Weider in October 2008. In 2004, contest promoter Wayne DeMilia broke ranks with the IFBB and AMI took over the promotion of the Mr. Olympia contest. Other professional contests emerged in this period, most notably the Arnold Classic and Night of Champions, as well as the European Grand Prix of Bodybuilding.In the 1990s and the early 21st century, patterns of consumption and recreation similar to those of the United States became more widespread in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe following the collapse of the Soviet Union. This resulted in the emergence of whole new populations of bodybuilders emerged from former Eastern bloc states.

ANABOLIC STEROID

Anabolic/Androgenic Steroid UseRonnie Coleman 8 x Mr. Olympia - 2009This period also saw the rise of anabolic steroids used both in bodybuilding and many other sports. In bodybuilding lore, this is partly attributed to the rise of "mass monsters", beginning with Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sergio Oliva and Lou Ferrigno in the late 1960s and early 1970s and continuing in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s with Lee Haney, Dorian Yates, Ronnie Coleman and Markus Ruhl. Also the emergence of bodybuilders such as Greg Kovacs, Paul DeMayo and Victor Richards who, while not being particularly successful at the pro level, attained mass and size at levels that were not seen previously.Arnold Schwarzenegger at the time of shooting the movie that brought body building to life, "Pumping Iron" he never said that he did steroids to increase his winning chance but said you have to do anything you can to get the advantage in competition. But in later interviews he admitted to it and even said he does not regret using anything. This was a huge impact at the time because Arnold was the face of bodybuilding at the time and is still considered by some to be the best to ever do the sport.[7]To combat this, and in the hopes of becoming a member of the IOC, the IFBB introduced doping tests for both steroids and other banned substances. Although doping tests occurred, the majority of professional bodybuilders still used anabolic steroids for competition. During the 1970s the use of anabolic steroids was openly discussed partly due to the fact they were legal.[8] However the U.S. Congress in the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 placed anabolic steroids into Schedule III of the Controlled substance act (CSA). Similarly in Canada, steroids were added to the Criminal Code of Canada as a Class IV controlled substance (that class was created expressly for steroids).

world bodibuilding federation

World Bodybuilding FederationWBF LogoMain article: World Bodybuilding FederationIn 1990, wrestling promoter Vince McMahon announced he was forming a new bodybuilding organization, the World Bodybuilding Federation (WBF). McMahon wanted to bring WWF-style showmanship and bigger prize money to the sport of bodybuilding. A number of IFBB stars were recruited but the roster was never very large, with the same athletes competing; the most notable winner and first WBF champion was Gary Strydom. McMahon formally dissolved the WBF in July 1992. Reasons for this probably included lack of income from the pay-per-view broadcasts of the WBF contests, slow sales of the WBF's magazine Bodybuilding Lifestyles (which later became WBF Magazine), and the expense of paying multiple 6-figure contracts as well as producing two TV shows and a monthly magazine.

notable early bodybuilders

Notable early bodybuildersMany other important bodybuilders in the early history of bodybuilding prior to 1930 include: Earle Liederman (writer of some of the earliest bodybuilding instruction books), Zishe Breitbart, Georg Hackenschmidt, Emy Nkemena, George F. Jowett, Finn Hateral (a pioneer in the art of posing), Frank Saldo, Monte Saldo, William Bankier, Launceston Elliot, Sig Klein, Sgt. Alfred Moss, Joe Nordquist, Lionel Strongfort (Strongfortism),[5] Gustav Fristensky (the Czech champion), Ralph Parcaut, a champion wrestler who also authored an early book on "physical culture," and Alan P. Mead, who became an impressive muscle champion despite the fact that he lost a leg in World War I. Actor Francis X. Bushman started his career as a bodybuilder and sculptor's model before beginning his famous silent movie career. Bushman was a disciple of Eugen Sandow.Main article: Professional bodybuildingFrank Zane, a former professional bodybuilder and three-time Mr. Olympia.In the modern bodybuilding industry, "professional" generally means a bodybuilder who has won qualifying competitions as an amateur and has earned a "pro card" from their respective organization. Professionals earn the right to compete in competitions that include monetary prizes. Depending on the level of success, these bodybuilders may receive monetary compensation from sponsors, much like athletes in other sports.

Natural bodybuilding

Natural bodybuildingMain article: Natural bodybuildingDue to the growing concerns of the high cost, health consequences and illegal nature of steroids many organizations have formed in response and have deemed themselves \\\"natural\\\" bodybuilding competitions. In addition to the concerns noted, many promoters of bodybuilding have sought to shed the \\\"freakish\\\" reputation that the general public perceives of bodybuilding and have successfully introduced a more mainstream audience to the sport of bodybuilding by including competitors whose physiques appear much more attainable and realistic.In natural contests the testing protocol ranges among organizations from polygraph testing (lie detection) . Penalties also range from organization to organization from suspensions to strict bans from competition. It is also important to note that natural organizations also have their own list of banned substances and it is important to refer to each organization\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s website for more information about which substances are banned from competition.There are many natural bodybuilding organizations that exist. Some of the larger ones include MuscleMania, Ultimate Fitness Events (UFE), INBF/WNBF and INBA/PNBA. These organizations either have North American or worldwide presence and are not limited to the country in which they are headquartered.Other notable natural bodybuilding organization include the NPC and the NANBF. NPC competitions screen competitors using a polygraph test to ensure fair practices. Though it is not fool-proof, competitors are selected at random and not all are tested. This is how the NPC differs from the NANBF. The NANBF takes a more direct approach by taking samples from all competitors that test for steroids and any other substances on the banned list. The NANBF differs from the NPC also when it comes to judging. The criteria of certain poses differs from organization to organization. The NANBF even has an elevated calf pose which is specifically unique for their competitions.

First large -scale bodybuilding competition

First large-scale bodybuilding competitionSandow organised the first bodybuilding contest on September 14, 1901 called the "Great Competition" which was held in the Royal Albert Hall, London, UK. Judged by himself, Sir Charles Lawes, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the contest was a great success and with a capacity crowd many bodybuilding enthusiasts were turned away .[3] The trophy presented to the winner was a bronze statue of Sandow himself sculpted by Frederick Pomeroy. The winner was William L. Murray of Nottingham, England. The most prestigious bodybuilding contest today is the Mr. Olympia, and since 1968, the winner has been presented with the same bronze statue of Sandow that he himself presented to the winner at the first contest.On 16 January 1904, the first large-scale bodybuilding competition in America took place at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The winner was Al Treloar and he was declared "The Most Perfectly Developed Man in the World".[4] Treloar won a $1,000 cash prize, a substantial sum at that time. Two weeks later, Thomas Edison made a film of Al Treloar's posing routine. Edison also made two films of Sandow a few years before, making him the man who made the first three motion pictures featuring a bodybuilder. In the early 20th century, Bernarr Macfadden and Charles Atlas, continued to promote bodybuilding across the world. Alois P. Swoboda was an early pioneer in America.Notable early bodybuilders

Eugen Sandow

Eugen SandowBodybuilding did not really exist prior to the late 19th century, when it was promoted by German born Eugen Sandow, later of England who is now generally referred to as "The Father of Modern Bodybuilding". He is credited as being a pioneer of the activity because he allowed audiences to enjoy viewing his physique in "muscle display performances". Although audiences were thrilled to see a well-developed physique, those men simply displayed their bodies as part of strength demonstrations or wrestling matches. Sandow had a stage show built around these displays through his manager, Florenz Ziegfeld. The Oscar winning 1936 musical film The Great Ziegfeld, depicts this beginning of modern bodybuilding, when Sandow began to display his body for carnivals. The role of Sandow was played by actor Nat Pendleton.Sandow became so successful at flexing and posing his physique, he later created several businesses around his fame and was among the first to market products branded with his name alone. He was credited with inventing and selling the first exercise equipment for the masses (machined dumbbells, spring pulleys and tension bands) and even his image was sold by the thousands in "cabinet cards" and other prints.Sandow was a perfect "gracilian" (this was a standard where a mathematical "ideal" was set up and the "perfect physique" was close to the proportions of Greek and Roman statues from ancient times - see Golden Mean). This is how Sandow built his own physique and in the early years, men were judged by how closely they matched these "ideal" proportions.

bodybuilding

Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's musculature.[1] An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. In competitive amateur and professional bodybuilding, bodybuilders appear in lineups doing specified poses, and later perform individual posing routines, for a panel of judges who rank competitors based on criteria such as symmetry, muscularity, and conditioning. Bodybuilders prepare for competition through a combination of dehydration, fat loss, oils, and tanning (or tanning lotions) which make their muscular definition more distinct. Some well-known bodybuilders include Charles Atlas, Steve Reeves, Reg Park, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Lou Ferrigno. Currently, IFBB professional bodybuilder Phil Heath of the United States holds the title Mr. Olympia. The winner of the annual Mr. Olympia contest is generally recognized as the world's top professional male bodybuilder.Early yearsThe "Early Years" of Western Bodybuilding are considered to be the period between 1880 and 1953.. Weightlifting took on a new tradition turning away from the stone-lifting of the Greeks and Egyptians. This new style of weight training was intended for entertainment purposes. This revolved around strongmen displaying incredible feats of strength for the public, and challenges other strongmen to see who was the stronger man. Unfortunately, these early strongmen did not focus on the actual make up of their physique and a large stomach and fatty limbs was common place among early strongmen.

gym

Enjoy me in gym.Gym is slang for gymnasium and gymnastic services such as in schools and colleges and is attributed to compounds such as gym shoes.[1] Gymnasia are open air and covered locations for gymnastics and athletics. Gymnasia apparatus such as bar-bells, parallel bars, jumping board, running path, tennis-balls, cricket field, fencing gallery, and so forth are used for exercise. In safe weather, outdoor locations are the most conductive to health.[2] Gyms were popular in ancient Greece. Their curricula included Gymnastica militraria or self-defense, gymnastica medica, or physical therapy to help the sick and injured, and gymnastica athletica for physical fitness and sports, from boxing to dance.[3] The gyms had halls and colonnades with statues and pictures. These gymnasia also had teachers of wisdom and philosophy. Community gymnastic events were done as part of the celebrations during various village festivals. In ancient Grease there was a phrase of contempt, "He can neither swim nor write." After a while, however, Olympic athletes began training in buildings just for them. Community sports never became as popular among ancient Romans as it had among the ancient Greeks. Gyms were used more as a preparation for military service or spectator sports. During the Roman Empire, the gymnastic art was forgotten. In the dark ages there were sward fighting tournaments and of chivalry; and after gun powder was invented sward fighting began to be replaced by the sport of fencing. There were schools of dagger fighting and wrestling and boxing.[4] Then in the 1700s, Salzmann, German clergyman, opened a gym in Thuringia teaching bodily exercises, including running and swimming. Clias and Volker established gyms in London, and in 1825, Doctor Beck, a German immigrant, established the first gymnasium in the United States. It was found that gym pupils lose interest in doing the same exercises, partly because of age. Variety in exercises included skating, dancing, and swimming. Some gym activities can be done by 6 to 8 year olds while age 16 has been considered mature enough for boxing and horseback riding.[5]The Greek term gymnasion (γυμνάσιον) was used in Ancient Greece to describe a locality for both physical and intellectual education of young men (see gymnasium (ancient Greece)). The latter meaning of intellectual education persisted in Greek, German and other languages to denote a certain type of school providing secondary education, the gymnasium, whereas in English the meaning of physical education was pertained in the word gym.The Greek word gymnasium means "school for naked exercise" and was used to designate a locality for the education of young men, including physical education (gymnastics, i.e. exercise) which was customarily performed naked, as well as bathing, and studies. For the Greeks, physical education was considered as important as cognitive learning. Most Greek gymnasia had libraries that could be utilized after relaxing in the baths.

sport

For other uses, see Sport (disambiguation).Page semi-protectedSport . Association football, shown above, is a team sport which also provides opportunities to nurture physical fitness and social interaction skills.Sport (or sports) is all forms of usually competitive physical activity which,[1] through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing entertainment to participants, and in some cases, spectators.[2] Hundreds of sports exist, from those requiring only two participants, through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants, either in teams or competing as individuals.Sport is generally recognised as activities which are based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity, with the largest major competitions such as the Olympic Games admitting only sports meeting this definition,[3] and other organisations such as the Council of Europe using definitions precluding activities without a physical element from classification as sports.[2] However, a number of competitive, but non-physical, activities claim recognition as mind sports. The International Olympic Committee (through ARISF) recognises both chess and bridge as bona fide sports, and SportAccord, the international sports federation association, recognises five non-physical sports,[4][5] although limits the amount of mind games which can be admitted as sports.[1]Sports are usually governed by a set of rules or customs, which serve to ensure fair competition, and allow consistent adjudication of the winner. Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first, or by the determination of judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance, including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression.In organised sport, records of performance are often kept, and for popular sports, this information may be widely announced or reported in sport news. In addition, sport is a major source of entertainment for non-participants, with spectator sports drawing large crowds to venues, and reaching wider audiences through sports broadcasting.According to A.T. Kearney, a consultancy, the global sporting industry is worth up to $620 billion as of 2013.[6

namaste

Namaste is derived from Sanskrit and is a combination of two words, "Namaḥ" and "te". Namaḥ means 'bow', 'obeisance', 'reverential salutation' or 'adoration'[2] and te means 'to you' (dative case of 'you'). Therefore, Namaste literally means "salutations to you". 'Namaskar' is derived from Sanskrit and is a combination of the two words, "Namaḥ" and "kaar". As noted above, "Namaḥ" is a salutation. "Kaar" means 'form' or 'shape' and refers to the phenomenon that the other entity (person) presents. Thus, the older salutation essentially means "I salute [your] form", which implies an understanding that all beings in this existence are part of the surface phenomenology of Maya and that beyond the surface, so to say, all beings are part of Brahman, or the One ultimate essence that underlies, and is, all. In the same light, 'Namah' originates from a benevolent unselfishness or admission ("salutation") of unity in One essence, and, therefore, 'Namaste' can also be interpreted (roughly) as a way of saying "Not-myself to you" (a benevolent expression of both respect and impersonality). Another variation "Not for me,.. but for thee" gives the sense of doing 'in service' or 'in honor' of the person spoken to, removing any personal agenda of the speaker.

eroticism

"Erotic" redirects here. For the band, see E-Rotic. For the Madonna song, see Erotica (song).Part of a series onLoveRed line heart iconBasic aspects[show]In history[show]Types of emotion[show]See also[show]vteEroticism (from the Greek ἔρως, eros--"desire") is a quality that causes sexual feelings,[1] as well as a philosophical contemplation concerning the aesthetics of sexual desire, sensuality and romantic love. That quality may be found in any form of art, including painting, sculpture, photography, drama, film, music or literature. It may also be found in advertising. The term may also refer to a state of sexual arousal[1] or anticipation of such - an insistent sexual impulse, desire, or pattern of thoughts.As French novelist Honor de Balzac pointed out, eroticism is dependent not just upon an individual's sexual morality, but also the culture and time in which an individual resides..Because the nature of what is erotic is fluid,[5] early definitions of the term attempted to conceive eroticism as some form of sensual or romantic love or as the human sex drive (libido); for example, the Encyclopdie of 1755 states that the erotic "is an epithet ork: 1972) critics have often confused eroticism with pornography, going so far as to say: "[Eroticism] is simply high-class pornography; better produced, better conceived, better executed, better packaged, designed for a better class of consumer."[6] However, because eroticism is wholly dependent on the viewer's culture and personal tastes pertaining to what, exactly, defines the erotic,[7][8] This confusion, as Lynn Hunt writes, "demonstrate the difficulty of drawing...a clear generic demarcation between the erotic and the pornographic": indeed arguably "the history of the separation of pornography from eroticism...remains to be written"

anal sex

Anal sex or anal intercourse is the insertion and thrusting of the erect penis into a person's anus, or anus and rectum, for sexual pleasure.[1][2][3] Other forms of anal sex include fingering, use of sex toys to penetrate the anus, anilingus, and pegging.[2][4][5] Though the term anal sex most commonly means penile-anal penetration,[1][2][4][6] sources sometimes use the term anal intercourse to refer exclusively to penile-anal penetration, and anal sex to refer to any form of anal sexual activity (especially between pairings, as opposed to anal masturbation).[6][7]While anal sex is commonly associated with male homosexuality, research shows that not all gay males engage in anal sex and that it is not uncommon in heterosexual relationships.[3][8][9][10] Types of anal sex can also be a part of lesbian sexual practices.[11] People may experience pleasure from anal sex by stimulation of the anal nerve endings, and orgasm may be achieved through anal penetration - by indirect stimulation of the prostate in men, indirect clitoral/G-Spot stimulation in women, and associated sensory nerves (especially the pudendal nerve).[2][3][12][13] However, people may also find anal sex painful, sometimes extremely so,[14][15] which may be primarily due to psychological factors in some cases.[16]As with most forms of sexual activity, anal sex participants risk contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs).[17][18] Anal sex is considered a high-risk sexual practice because of the vulnerability of the anus and rectum. The anal and rectal tissues are delicate and do not provide natural lubrication, so they can easily tear and permit disease transmission, especially if lubricant is not used.[1][3][19] Anal sex without protection of a condom is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity,[19][20][21] and therefore health authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend safe sex practices for anal sex.[17]Often, strong views are expressed with regard to anal sex; it is controversial in various cultures, especially with regard to religion, commonly due to prohibitions against anal sex among gay men or teachings about the procreative purpose of sexual activity.[4][5][7] It may be regarded as taboo or unnatural, and is a criminal offense in some countries, punishable by corporal or capital punishment; by contrast, people also regard anal sex as a natural and valid form of sexual activity that may be as equally fulfilling as any other desired sexual expression. They may regard it as an enhancing element of their sex lives or as their primary form of sexual activity.[4][5][7]

lonely

Lonely I'm so lonelyI have nobodyTo call my ownI'm so lonely, I'm Mr. LonelyI have nobodyTo call my ownI'm so lonelyYo this one here goes out to all my players out thereYa know got to have one good girl whose always been thereLike ya know took all the bullshitThen one day she can't take it no more and decides to leaveI woke up in the middle of the nightAnd I noticed my girl wasn't by my sideCoulda sworn I was dreamin', for her I was feenin'So I hadda take a little rideBack tracking ova these few yearsTryna figure out what I do to make it go badCause ever since my girl left meMy whole left life came crashin'I'm so lonely (so lonely)I'm Mr. Lonely (Mr. Lonely)I have nobody (I have nobody)To call my own (to call my own) girlI'm so lonely (so lonely)I'm Mr. Lonely (Mr. Lonely)I have nobody (I have nobody)To call my own (to call my own) girlCan't believe I had a girl like youAnd I just let you walk right out of my lifeAfter all I put you throughYou still stuck around and stayed by my sideWhat really hurt me is I broke your heartBaby you were a good girl and I had no rightI really want to make things rightCause without you in my life girlI'm so lonely (so lonely)I'm Mr. Lonely (Mr. Lonely)I have nobody (I have nobody to call my own)To call my own (to call my own) girlI'm so lonely (so lonely)I'm Mr. Lonely (Mr. Lonely)I have nobody (I have nobody)To call my own (to call my own) girlBeen all about the world ain't neva met a girlHat can take the things that you been throughNever thought the day would comeWhere you would get up and run and I would be out chasing youCause ain't nowhere in the globe I'd rather beAin't no one on the globe I'd rather seeThan the girl of my dreams that made me be so happyBut now so lonelySo lonely (so lonely)I'm Mr. Lonely (Mr. Lonely)I have nobody (I have nobody)To call my own (to call my own)I'm so lonely (so lonely)I'm Mr. Lonely (Mr. Lonely)I have nobody (I have nobody)To call my own (to call my own) girlNever thought that I'd be aloneI didn't think you'd be gone this longI jus want you to call my phoneSo stop playing girl and come on home (come on home)Baby girl I didn't mean to shoutI want me and you to work it outI never wished I'd ever hurt my babyAnd it's drivin' me crazy causeI'm so lonely (so lonely)I'm Mr. Lonely (Mr. Lonely)I have nobody (I have nobody)To call my own (to call my own)I'm so lonely (so lonely)I'm Mr. Lonely (Mr. Lonely)I have nobody (I have nobody)To call my own (to call my own) girlLonely, so lonelySo lonely, (so lonely)Mr. Lonely, so lonelySo lonely, so lonely, (so lonely), Mr. Lonely

where have u been

i don t like rihanna but that is a song i liket very much:)i like just the lyricks no the voice of that crazy girll ahhaha I've been everywhere, manLooking for someoneSomeone who can please meLove me all night longI've been everywhere, manLooking for you babeLooking for you babeSearching for you babeWhere have you beenCause I never see you outAre you hiding from me, yeah?Somewhere in the crowd[Hook]Where have you been,All my life, all my lifeWhere have you been, all my lifeWhere have you been, all my lifeWhere have you been, all my lifeWhere have you been, all my life[Beat Break][Rihanna]I've been everywhere, manLooking for someoneSomeone who can please meLove me all night longI've been everywhere, manLooking for you babeLooking for you babeSearching for you babeWhere have you beenCause I never see you outAre you hiding from me, yeah?Somewhere in the crowd[Hook]Where have you been,All my life, all my lifeWhere have you been, all my lifeWhere have you been, all my lifeWhere have you been, all my lifeWhere have you been, all my life[Beat Break]Where have you been, all my life[Bridge]You can have me all you wantAny way, any dayTo show me where you are tonight[Outro]I've been everywhere, manLooking for someoneSomeone who can please meLove me all night longI've been everywhere, manLooking for you babeLooking for you babeSearching for you babe

eminem say my name

This ain't beef manI don't know what the fuck to call itBut no beefWhattup X[Verse 1: Eminem]I float like B.I.G.'s spirit in this bitch I'm ghostlyRush me, cause you ain't gonna live to roast meI'd have my motherfucking ass kicked by MobyIf I let some bitch in the Can like Bis cop over meTo do war and try to bring my crew back downI'll never stoop to that level to do that nowI got a new catThis time I'm pulling two gats outWith bulletsI finally got something to shoot at now[Verse 2: Xzibit]Let's see who got they city on lockLet's see who got the better aim with the GlockLet's see who come out on topLet's see who really want their name in the streetsLet's see who wanna die the same time as meAnd make ends meetNow was I blessed with a gift or cursed with a curseI follow hearse after hearse with verse after verseAnd I'll be damned if I let Billy dance DupriOr anybody swing an axe at my family tree, so now[Hook: Nate Dogg]I love it when you niggas be talking, saying my nameSeems like your mouth is not connected to your brainTwo-zero-zero-three, and shit, it ain't the sameBetter have a strap my nigga, simple and plainPut your nuts on the table, my nigga let's play the gameHurt you so long, you'll be a-ddicted to painI don't wanna hear what you meant, do not explainRight before you lay in your coffin, ho say my name[Verse 3: Xzibit]Why do you hate meI came from nothingBlood sweat and tearsYou did not create meHow can you doubt meYou don't know shit about meThere'd be no West coast without meCut with the bullshitI struggle for survivalAnd now you trying to act like my rivalWatch what you say partner, it's a small earthDon't play games with your life nigga, it's not worthAll the pain, all the agonyAll the horror, all the tragedyPut your hands up people, it's time to fight nowI beat holes in your chest, remain hostileThreaten my life, c'monOne day you'll understandThey say that pride is the sign of a foolish manSo who the fuck you think you talking toLive and direct in the flesh, I'm right in front of you[Hook][Verse 4: Eminem]I never really smashed on Jermaine's ass, Dre smashed himNobody ganged up til he came back and jacked himI never really brought it to his ass, I tapped himI could of been like Treach, boom-bapped and slapped himPurple, for mimicking him with two rapping UrkelsI could of snapped, took it past rap and hurt youBut I didn't, I kept it on wax and served youI Square Dance cause I'm sick of rapping circlesAround these clowns, stready trying to call me outIt's like I'm listening to motherfucking dogs meowYou'd probably do better tryin to come and stomp me outYou don't want it with rap, this is what I'm all about, c'mon(I) No gangsta you ain't either(Will) But I know that I spit ether(Not) I shit across your belly(Lose) Show you I'm not R. KellyX, pass me the weedI'mma put my ashes out on his assFor the last time manWatch your fucking mouth[Hook][Outro: Eminem]For the last time man, I'm through

right now

It's been so longThat I haven't seen your faceI'm tryna be strongBut the strength I have is washing awayIt wont be longBefore I get you by my sideAnd just hold you, tease you, squeeze youTell you what's been on my mindI wanna make up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naWish we never broke up right now, na naWe need to link up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naWish we never broke up right now, na naWe need to link up right now, na naGirl I know mistakes were made between us twoAnd we show our eyes that nightEven said somethings weren't trueWhy'd you go and haven't seen my girl since thenWhy can't it be the way it was?Cos you were my homie, lover and friendI wanna make up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naWish we never broke up right now, na naWe need to link up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naWish we never broke up right now, na naWe need to link up right now, na naI can't lieI miss you muchWatching everyday that goes byI miss you muchUntil I get you back I'm gonna tryYes I miss you muchYou are the apple of my eyeGirl I miss you muchI miss you muchI can't lieI miss you muchWatching everyday that goes byI miss you muchUntil I get you back I'm gonna tryYes I miss you muchYou are the apple of my eyeGirl I miss you muchI miss you muchI wanna make up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naWish we never broke up right now, na naWe need to link up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naWish we never broke up right now, na naWe need to link up right now, na naI want you to fly with meWant you to flyI miss how you lie with meMiss how you lieJust wish you could dine with meWish you could dineOne that would grind with meOne that would grind with meI want you to fly with meWant you to flyI miss how you lie with meMiss how you lieJust wish you could dine with meWish you could dineOne that would grind with meOne that would grindI wanna make up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naWish we never broke up right now, na naWe need to link up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naI wanna make up right now, na naWish we never broke up right now, na naWe need to link up right now, na na

gay sex"X"X"X

The term MSM had been in use in public health discussions, especially in the context of HIV/AIDS, since 1990 or earlier, but the coining of the initialism by Glick et al. in 1994 "signaled the crystallization of a new concept."[2][3] This behavioural concept comes from two distinct academic perspectives. First, it was pursued by epidemiologists seeking behavioral categories that would offer better analytical concepts for the study of disease-risk than identity-based categories (such as "gay", "bisexual", or "straight"), because a man who self-identifies as gay or bisexual is not necessarily sexually active with men, and someone who identifies as straight might be sexually active with men. Second, its usage is tied to criticism of sexual identity terms prevalent in social construction literature which typically rejected the use of identity-based concepts across cultural and historical contexts.MSM are not limited to small, self-identified, and visible sub-populations. MSM and gay refer to different things: behaviors and social identities. MSM refers to sexual activities between men, regardless of how they identify, whereas gay can include those activities but is more broadly seen as a cultural identity. Homosexuality refers to sexual/romantic attraction between members of the same sex and may or may not include romantic relationships. Gay is a social identity and is generally the preferred social term, whereas homosexual is used in formal contexts, though the terms are not entirely interchangeable. Men who are non-heterosexual or questioning may identify with all, none, a combination of these, or one of the newer terms indicating a similar sexual, romantic, and cultural identity like bi-curious.In their assessment of the knowledge about the sexual networks and behaviors of MSM in Asia, Dowsett, Grierson and McNally concluded that the category of MSM does not correspond to a single social identity in any of the countries they studied.[4] There were no similar traits in all of the MSM population studied, other than them being males and engaging in sex with other men.In some countries, homosexual relationships may be illegal or taboo, making MSM difficult to reach.[5][6]

na na na

They can't seeThey can't talkThey can't feelThey can't walkYou got them paralysedFrom your touchYou got them paralysedFrom your touchSo why they're fighting over you?Na na na na oh that na na na naWhy they're fighting over you?Na na na na oh that na na na naShow me why they're fighting over youNa na na na oh that na na na naSaid show me why they're fighting over youNa na na na oh that na na na naShow me so I can fight tooShow me so I can fight tooYou know what you're doingAnd that ain't fairTeasing and diced themOnce you do it you think that you're all thisAnd that makes them wanna fightFor your touchAnd that makes them wanna fight, yeahFor your touchSo why they're fighting over you?Na na na na oh that na na na naSo why they're fighting over you?Na na na na oh that na na na naShow me why they're fighting over youNa na na na oh that na na na naShow me why they're fighting over youNa na na na oh that na na na naShow me so I can fight tooShow me so I can fight too [2x]Na na na na oh that na na na na [4x]If you got good na na naI'll get you high if that's what you wannaPut your hands up to the sky nowBecause I'm looking for yaYou shout it out loudJust shout it out loudIf you got good na na naI'll get you high if that's what you wannaPut your hands up to the sky nowBecause I'm looking for yaYou shout it out loudShout it out loudNa na na na oh that na na na na [4x]So why they're fighting over you?Na na na na oh that na na na naWhy they're fighting over you?Na na na na oh that na na na naShow me why they're fighting over youNa na na na oh that na na na naSaid show me why they're fighting over youNa na na na oh that na na na naSo why they're fighting over you?Na na na na oh that na na na naSo why they're fighting over you?Na na na na oh that na na na naShow me why they're fighting over youNa na na na oh that na na na naShow me why they're fighting over youNa na na na oh that na na na naShow me so I can fight too

marry me heheh

today i wana sai on my blog what kind of guy i like... i wish to be with a guy ho is always sweet and nice , a gentile guy but willd in bed ...I want to fulfill all your desires..I'll be the one who will climb u on top of the world.. i will meke u fly and fill like be in heven i be your lovely adonis .i want a man with a open man to talck about anytimg and to do everyting we have in mind..I will be your sweet relief and I'll make you forget the rest of the world.to know happiness must to know me and you will not need anything else . I'll be your life purpose and ui will be mine.together we achieve amazing pleasures and like yng and yang we l be a 1 bogy and 1 mind.. i weiting for u my lover boy i will be here for your all desires..together we will achieve our goal, and we will not know what's loneliness and insecurity..all this will be a myth.I'm a nice guy and lover boy fond of peace and love between two men if u wana have all of this just come to find me. With a lott of love your Adonis steel. A lott of sweet kisses and hugs ::*:*:*:. i weiting for u take me now!!!

topkapi place and blue mosque

A best turistic place in istanbul.If there is one absolute must-see in Istanbul, it has to be the Topkapi Palace, home to generations of sultans and their wives, who were closeted in the famous harem. A collection of lush green courtyards and delicate kiosks, the Topkapi boasts a treasury to put the crown jewels in the shade, as well as views to die for over the Sea of Marmara, Bosphorus and Golden Horn. The secretive harem - really just the family quarters - is a warren of lushly-tiled rooms wrapped round a gem of a Turkish bath. Try to visit on a day when no cruise ship is in town to avoid the worst of the crowds.blue mosque, Facing Aya Sofya across a small park and mirroring its domed silhouette, the early 17th-century Blue Mosque is one of only a handful of mosques in the world to boast six minarets. Is it really blue? Well, not noticeably, although all the walls are papered with fine İznik tiles. To view it as the architect, Sedefkar Mehmed Aga, originally intended, enter via what looks like the side entrance from the Hippodrome. Afterwards, pop your head into a building the size of a small mosque on the corner of the complex. This houses the tomb of Sultan Ahmed I, the man who gave his name to both the mosque and the neighbourhood.

freedom

today i wana put on my blog a nice song lyric..i hope to be on your taste.Everything I have, everything I ownAll my mistakes man you already knowI wanna be free, I wanna be free[Verse 1]:From Senegal West Africa,To St. Louis, MissouriThanks to Catherine and DonnaFor giving my Pops his gloryHe came down with his drumAnd a dream to change the worldIn a free uplifting worldAnd thats all we ever wantMomCame a little afterGave birth to my brotherAnd then all of the pressureMade em\' fight one anotherSee, the pain would never leftDid the best with what they hadThey knew the world was up for grabsAnd they they searched to find their[Chorus]:Freedom, freedom, freedom, freedomEverything I have, everything I ownAll my mistakes man, you already knowI wanna be free, I wanna be freeSo I search to find myFreedom, freedom, freedom, freedomEverything I have, everything I ownAll my mistakes girl, you already knowI wanna be free, I wanna be free, yeah I never knewThat after this that we would make it throughSo I found myself skipping schoolCause the girls gonna think i\'m coolAnd because of that I didn\'t careWhether or not I went to jailI just wanna be treated fairCause that\'s all I ever knewTellin\' me I need to slow downCause everybody in the whole townCause they know how I get downFar enough from another townCan you believe we\'re still around?Have my soul baby in the groundAnd we ain\'t gonna stop thatUntil we get that[Chorus]:Freedom, freedom, freedom, freedomEverything I have, everything I ownAll my mistakes man, you already knowI wanna be free, I wanna be freeSo I search to find myFreedom, freedom, freedom, freedomEverything I have, everything I ownAll my mistakes girl, you already knowI wanna be free, I wanna be free, yeah[Bridge]:If you wanna be free, and the land is drug-freeput your hands up, put your hands upIf you wanna be free, from all your miseryput your hands up, put your hands upIf you wanna be free, with plenty moneyput your hands up, put your hands upIf you wanna be free, just praise your G-O-Dput your hands up, put your hands upFreedom, freedom (freedom), freedom, freedomEverything I have, everything I ownAll my mistakes girl you already knowI wanna be free (wanna be free), I wanna be free (wanna be free)

romance (love)

Romance is the expressive and pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another person associated with love.In the context of romantic love relationships, romance usually implies an expression of one's strong romantic love, or one's deep and strong emotional desires to connect with another person intimately or romantically.Historically, the term "romance" originates with the medieval ideal of chivalry as set out in its Romance literature.In romantic relationships[edit]During the initial stages of a romantic relationship, there is more often more emphasis on emotions--especially those of love, intimacy, compassion, appreciation, and affinity--rather than physical intimacy. Romantic love in the early stages is often characterized by uncertainty,[1] along with emotional anxiety that love may not be returned:Love is this way: You're on one side of the edge of a canyon -- windy, deep, sunny, steep. Your lover's on the other. You wave to each other across the divide. You have a parachute. Your lover has a parachute. But the cords to open the parachutes are on the BACK not the front so only your lover can open your parachute for you, and you for your lover. You pause. Are you ready to jump? Will your lover jump too? If you and your lover jump simultaneously, grasp mid-air and yank each other's cords, you'll glide sweetly to your getaway island where a candlelight dinner awaits. If one thing goes wrong, a glitch in timing, a puff of wind, the slightest hesitation -- you'll be crushed on the rocks be

liberty

Liberty is the value of individuals to have agency (control over their own actions). Different conceptions of liberty articulate the relationship of individuals to society in different ways-- these conceptions relate to life under a social contract, existence in an imagined state of nature, and related to the active exercise of freedom and rights as essential to liberty. Understanding liberty involves how we imagine the individual's roles and responsibilities in society in relation to concepts of free will and determinism, which involves the larger domain of metaphysics.Classical liberal conceptions of liberty typically consist of the freedom of individuals from outside compulsion or coercion, also known as negative liberty. This conception of liberty, which coincides with the libertarian point-of-view, suggests that people should, must, and ought to behave according to their own free will, and take responsibility for their actions, while in contrast, Social liberal conceptions of (positive liberty) liberty place an emphasis upon social structure and agency and is therefore directed toward ensuring egalitarianism. In feudal societies, a "liberty" was an area of allodial land where the rights of the ruler or monarch were waived.i hope all member to like my article and enjoy all of what that have to ofer , i try to put here in my blog and somting intresant no just sex and tincks like that with love adonis kisss u all

free will

Free will is the ability of agents to make choices unconstrained by certain factors. Factors of historical concern have included metaphysical constraints (such as logical, nomological, or theological determinism), physical constraints (such as chains or imprisonment), social constraints (such as threat of punishment or censure), and mental constraints (such as compulsions or phobias, neurological disorders, or genetic predispositions). The principle of free will has religious, legal, ethical, and scientific implications.[1] For example, in the religious realm, free will implies that individual will and choices can coexist with an omnipotent divinity. In the law, it affects considerations of punishment and rehabilitation. In ethics, it may hold implications for whether individuals can be held morally accountable for their actions. In science, neuroscientific findings regarding free will may suggest different ways of predicting human behavior. A simplified taxonomy of philosophical positions regarding free will and determinism.This important issue has been widely debated throughout history, including not only whether free will exists but even how to define the concept. Historically, the constraint of dominant concern has been determinism of some variety (such as logical, nomological, or theological), so the most prominent common positions are named for the relation they hold to exist between free will and determinism. Those who define free will as freedom from determinism are called incompatibilists, as they hold determinism to be incompatible with free will. The two main incompatibilist positions are metaphysical libertarianism, the claim that determinism is false and thus free will is at least possible; and hard determinism, the claim that determinism is true and thus free will is not possible. Hard incompatibilism posits that indeterminism is also incompatible with free will, and thus either way free will is not possible.Those who define free will otherwise, without reference to determinism, are called compatibilists, because they hold determinism to be compatible with free will. Some compatibilists hold even that determinism is necessary for free will, arguing that choice involves preference for one course of action over another, a process that requires some sense of how choices will turn out.[2][3] Compatibilists thus consider the debate between libertarians and hard determinists over free will vs determinism a false dilemma.[4] Different compatibilists offer very different definitions of what free will even means, taking different types of constraints to be relevant to the issue; but because all agree that determinism is not the relevant concern, they are traditionally grouped together under this common name.

sport

Sport (or sports) is all forms of usually competitive physical activity which,[1] through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing entertainment to participants, and in some cases, spectators.[2] Hundreds of sports exist, from those requiring only two participants, through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants, either in teams or competing as individuals.Sport is generally recognised as activities which are based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity, with the largest major competitions such as the Olympic Games admitting only sports meeting this definition,[3] and other organisations such as the Council of Europe using definitions precluding activities without a physical element from classification as sports.[2] However, a number of competitive, but non-physical, activities claim recognition as mind sports. The International Olympic Committee (through ARISF) recognises both chess and bridge as bona fide sports, and SportAccord, the international sports federation association, recognises five non-physical sports,[4][5] although limits the amount of mind games which can be admitted as sports.[1]Sports are usually governed by a set of rules or customs, which serve to ensure fair competition, and allow consistent adjudication of the winner. Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first, or by the determination of judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance, including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression.In organised sport, records of performance are often kept, and for popular sports, this information may be widely announced or reported in sport news. In addition, sport is a major source of entertainment for non-participants, with spectator sports drawing large crowds to venues, and reaching wider audiences through sports broadcasting.According to A.T. Kearney, a consultancy, the global sporting industry is worth up to $620 billion as of 2013.[6

free love

Free loveMain article: Free love Lovers kissing on the streetThe term free love has been used [33] to describe a social movement that rejects marriage, which is seen as a form of social bondage. The Free Love movement\'s initial goal was to separate the state from sexual matters such as marriage, birth control, and adultery. It claimed that such issues were the concern of the people involved, and no one else.[34]Much of the free-love tradition is an offshoot of anarchism, and reflects a civil libertarian philosophy that seeks freedom from state regulation and church interference in personal relationships. According to this concept, the free unions of adults are legitimate relations which should be respected by all third parties whether they are emotional or sexual relations. In addition, some free-love writing has argued that both men and women have the right to sexual pleasure. In the Victorian era, this was a radical notion. Later, a new theme developed, linking free love with radical social change, and depicting it as a harbinger of a new anti-authoritarian, anti-repressive sensibility.[35]Many people in the early 19th century believed that marriage was an important aspect of life to \"fulfill earthly human happiness.\" Middle-class Americans wanted the home to be a place of stability in an uncertain world. This mentality created a vision on strongly defined gender roles, which led to the advancement of the free love movement.[36]While the phrase free love is often associated with promiscuity in the popular imagination, especially in reference to the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s, historically the free-love movement has not advocated multiple sexual partners or short-term sexual relationships. Rather, it has argued that love relations that are freely entered into should not be regulated by law.The term \"sex radical\" is also used interchangeably with the term \"free lover\", and was the preferred term by advocates because of the negative connotations of \"free love\".[citation needed] By whatever name, advocates had two strong beliefs: opposition to the idea of forceful sexual activity in a relationship and advocacy for a woman to use her body in any way that she pleases.[37] These are also beliefs of Feminism.Laws of particular concern to free love movements have included those that prevent an unmarried couple from living together, and those that regulate adultery and divorce, as well as age of consent, birth control, homosexuality, abortion, and sometimes prostitution; although not all free love advocates agree on these issues. The abrogation of individual rights in marriage is also a concern--for example, some jurisdictions do not recognize spousal... or treat it less seriously than non-spousal . Free-love movements since the 19th century have also defended the right to publicly discuss sexuality and have battled obscenity laws

inmpersonal love

A person can be said to love an object, principle, or goal to which they are deeply committed and greatly value. For example, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers' "love" of their cause may sometimes be born not of interpersonal love but impersonal love, altruism, and strong spiritual or political convinction People can also "love" material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with those things. If sexual passion is also involved, then this feeling is called paraphilia.[16]Interpersonal love

Travel

Travel, in the youngest sort, is a part of education and, in the elder a part, of experience. Some may think otherwise; to them visiting churches, monasteries, castles and fortifications, libraries, etc. is a sheer wastage of time. They may further say that one can read the account of these or see the films of the important places of the world. They forget that touch of actuality gives a different type of sensation and satisfaction.Travelling may be an expensive hobby but is compensates the financial loss. If a traveler has interest in life and its manifestations, one can find much to keep oneself absorbed and happy. A student of any stream can definitely find something of his own interest and studies. One can definitely find everything that satisfies his intellectual and sensuous cravings.As a hobby, travelling keeps us busy during leisure time; it is the best method to utilize time. Till a person breaks from dull routine, physically and mentally; one cannot find satisfaction. Travelling helps us to achieve this break. At a new place, one is curious to know and eager to gather all the unknown information about the place which he has neither read nor heard before he gets thrills and surprises which keep the interest and enthusiasm alive and encourages us to keep our journey on.

ART Example Essay

In this essay I will compare and contrast two ancient sculptures in the round. The first is Nude Woman, or Venus of Willendorf, from the prehistoric period. The small limestone sculpture was found in modern day Austria and dates to circa 25,000 b.c.e. The second image is Khafre, a life-size Egyptian sculpture made of diorite stone from much later, circa 2,500 b.c.e. Both sculptures contain magical or supernatural symbolism, as well as concepts of life and death.The Venus is probably a votive figure, or offering to the gods. She is abundant, perhaps pregnant, probably to symbolize fertility and to bring good fortune in the fields and in human reproduction. Little is known about the sculpture, but life at this time must have been a struggle for survival and she represents the core of the cycle of life. Khafre is a "Ka" statue, meant to be buried with the mummified body of the king of which he is a portrait. It is to serve as a back-up to the mummy to offer a place for the Ka, or soul, to reside at night. The portrait also helps the Ka recognize its residence and body. Most Egyptian art focused on permanence and the afterlife such as this one. Whereas Venus is probably an offering to the gods and a symbol of life to an entire culture, Khafre is meant to retain the individual man's soul and help him travel to and from the afterlife.The Venus figure is a very small (about 4 inches high) standing naked figure, whereas Khafre is a life-size and clothed seated portrait. They are both stone and both human figures, but differ greatly in style. The Venus exhibits a combination of many stylistic elements. It is naturalistic and organic in areas of the body; exhibits full breasts, a round stomach, the pubic triangle, and chubby legs. She is a series of natural spheres. However it is abstract as well. The head is stylized with no face, so that it represents a "type," perhaps representing the ideal of womanhood. Therefore, she is also idealistic.Khafre is naturalistic and serves as a portrait, although it is depicted quite flawlessly, and thus is idealized. The Egyptian sculpture has a refined surface and contains precise detail in the face's features and in the reliefs on the throne on which Khafre sits. One feels the block of the stone from which it was carved and is very formal, stiff, and rigid. Khafre's blockiness and dark color add to its strong sense of permanence, common to Egyptian sculpture of royalty.

rugby the hotes sport

Rugby is a free-flowing game that features a combination of strength, speed and strategy to move a ball into an opponents territory. Rugby is a full-contact sport yet players wear little-or no protective gear. Rugby evolved from football (i.e. soccer) and is often called the 'game played in heaven'.The most unique aspect of rugby is the srcum, pictured below, which is used to restart play following minor infractions during the match.of rugby leagueIn 1871, English clubs met to form the Rugby Football Union (RFU). In 1892, after charges of professionalism were laid against some clubs for compensating players for missing work, the Northern Rugby Football Union, usually called the Northern Union (NU), was formed,[2] the existing rugby union authorities issuing sanctions against the clubs, players and officials involved in the new organisation. After the schism, the separate codes were named "rugby league" and "rugby union".[3]With the popularity of rugby over the years, many betting establishments have made it possible for viewers of the game to place wagers on games. The various types of wagers that can be placed on games vary, however the main types of bets that can be placed are as follows:Fixed-odds bettingFutures/Outright BetsProp Bets / SpecialsOver/Under BetsLike most team sports, both forms of rugby are vulnerable to match fixing, particularly bets involving easily manipulated outcomes, such as conceding penalties and first point scorer. A recent example being a deliberate infringement by Ryan Tandy in order for the first points scored to be a penalty goal in a 2010 NRL match. The attempt backfired when instead of taking a shot at goal, a try was scored.i was a rugby player and i recomand for everibody is the best sport and very hot and sexy

PULL-UP PROGRESSION

These three basic moves and their progressive variations are enough to keep anyone growing for many years. The trick is to make sure you continually challenge yourself to increase your reps so you can progress to harder exercise variations once you can handle them.Eventually you can build up to single-limb variants of these classic calisthenics. Does that still sound too easy? See if you can do a clean one-arm push-up, one-legged squat, or one-arm pull-up and get back to me.Regardless of what training modality you use, the way to grow stronger is to begin learning a movement pattern with a relatively low amount of resistance. Gradually add more as the body adapts. All types of strength training operate under this principle of progressive overload.In weight training, exercises can be learned with an empty bar to get a feel for proper technique before progressing to heavier poundage. This allows the lifter to learn the form without having to overcome much resistance. Due to the nature of bodyweight training, however, progress must be approached differently.Leverage Overload ///Since there is no way to do a one-arm push-up, pistol squat, or one-arm pull-up without a significant amount of resistance, you must build up to advanced moves. Do this by practicing variations in which the body is positioned in such a way as to create less resistance. As you grow stronger, you can gradually introduce harder variations. A key principle of this type of progressive calisthenics training is manipulating leverage to vary the intensity of the exercises.

Stair Running Workouts Tips for Aging Athletes

Getting older is a fact of life, but many athletes struggle with the transition from peak training, to graceful aging. If you've been a competitive athlete, slowing down can feel like giving up, but a few minor adjustments to both your fitness routine and your attitude can help you stay in top condition at any age.Some of the most obvious changes that an aging athlete will notice include decreased strength and endurance. It doesn't have to be extreme, though. Most research has pointed to the fact that the dramatic changes in strength and endurance in seniors have more to do with changes in lifestyle than an inability to maintain fitness. In the case of aging, the 'use it or lose it' adage seems very appropriate.This also doesn't mean that aging athletes should go out and work harder to maintain peak conditioning. In fact, older athletes seem to benefit from more rest and recovery after exercise. In this case, the biggest changes to make to an exercise routine include focusing on the quality rather than the quantity of workouts, and adding regular low level activities, such as walking.One factor that many athletes overlook is the role that attitude plays in sports performance. And it's true that if you are dealing with injuries, on a losing streak, or being criticized by your coach, it very well may be challenging to have a happy, positive outlook. There are, however, some strategies you can use to reduce your negativity and regain proper perspective.

Music

Victor Hugo once said "Music expresses that which cannot be said and on which it is impossible to be silent". Music is the essence of life. It is that amazing language in which we can express what we feel inside sincerely. In my opinion everyone needs music in his/her life, no matter how different the genre is. As far as I am concerned, it is the only road to happiness when you feel pressed and frustrated.In the first place, music helps you to unwind from the hasty pace of life. When you listen to music, you feel like you have drowned all of your concerns and sorrows, and you were born again. The sensational feeling that gets you when press the "play button" is just indescribable. For instance; when I come back home after a tiring day at work, I go directly towards my stereo player and play some 1960's old music, and that makes me feel refreshed and comfortable. Believe me or not, that feeling is priceless.Another tangible method of music is that it could be used as a method to convey messages to people. Nowadays people neither watch news on TV nor listen to it on the radio broadcast. Therefore, they wouldn't know what is happening on the other side of the world. People die every day because of hunger, wars or assaults. Music could play a significant role in telling people who's doing that and whose side we should be on. Take me as an example; when I started listening to musicians like; Immortal technique and Rage against the Machine, I realized who's responsible for some of the problems that happen in the United States Of America.

strenght

MY STRENGTHWe as individuals have to realize the importance of our strengths and weaknesses in order to make a difference in relating personal growth. Having different goals, priorities and special qualities about ourselves is what gives us individually. The purpose of this paper is to clearly define each of my strengths and weaknesses and figure out a way to identify my personal strengths and weaknesses. In order for me to improve myself and enhance my learning process of commerce field for my bright future, I should realize that which methods and techniques that will better help me to learn and improve myself at an optimal level. I also believe realizing my strengths and weaknesses will help me to become more self-conscious and a well-rounded individual.My personal strengths are my discipline, ability to learn new and more skills, leadership, hardworking and self-confidence. Having discipline is the ability to gain control by obedience is another one of my strong strengths. Discipline means having the tools to succeed in life and is something we all work on through out our lifetime. Discipline has given me the ability to have a sense of humor, a solid self-esteem, and ability to stay focused on goals and giving me the desire and a process to learn.

Al Pacino

Alfredo James "Al" Pacino (/pəˈtʃiːnoʊ/; born April 25, 1940) is an American film and stage actor and director. He is famous for playing mobsters, including Michael Corleone in The Godfather trilogy and Tony Montana in Scarface, though he has also appeared several times on the other side of the law--as a police officer, a detective and a lawyer. For his performance as Frank Slade in Scent of a Woman he won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1992. He had received seven previous Oscar nominations, including one in that same year.He made his feature film debut in the 1969 film Me, Natalie in a minor supporting role, before playing the leading role in the 1971 drama The Panic in Needle Park. Pacino made his major breakthrough when he was given the role of Michael Corleone in The Godfather in 1972, which earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Other Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actor were for Dick Tracy and Glengarry Glen Ross. Oscar nominations for Best Actor include The Godfather Part II, Serpico, Dog Day Afternoon, ...And Justice for All and Scent of a Woman.In addition to a career in film, he has also enjoyed a successful career on stage, winning Tony Awards for Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? and The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel. A longtime fan of Shakespeare, he made his directorial debut with Looking for Richard, a quasi-documentary on the play Richard III. Pacino has received numerous lifetime achievement awards, including one from the American Film Institute. He is a method actor, taught mainly by Lee Strasberg and Charles Laughton at the Actors Studio in New York.Although he has never married, Pacino has had several relationships with actresses

Rugby

Rugby football is a style of football that refers to two current sports, rugby league and rugby union. Although the two distinctively different forms of rugby - rugby union and rugby league - share the same basic rules of the game, that is, getting the ball over the line to score a try, the rules for each of the forms, are different.Rugby football developed from a version of football played at Rugby School and was one of several versions of football played at English public schools during the 19th century.[1]In 1871, English clubs met to form the Rugby Football Union (RFU). In 1892, after charges of professionalism were laid against some clubs for compensating players for missing work, the Northern Rugby Football Union, usually called the Northern Union (NU), was formed,[2] the existing rugby union authorities issuing sanctions against the clubs, players and officials involved in the new organisation. After the schism, the separate codes were named "rugby league" and "rugby union".[3]Rugby union is both a professional and amateur game, and is dominated by the first tier unions: Argentina, Australia, England, France, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa and Wales. Second and third tier unions include Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Fiji, Georgia, Japan, Mexico, Namibia, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Samoa, Spain, Tonga, the United States, Uruguay and Venezuela. Rugby Union is administered by the International Rugby Board (IRB), whose headquarters are located in Dublin, Ireland. It is the national sport in New Zealand, South Africa, Wales, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and Madagascar, and is the most popular form of rugby globally,[4] with the seven-a-side version of the game, known as Rugby sevens, having been admitted into the programme of the Olympic Games from Rio de Janeiro in 2016 onwards.[5] There was a possibility sevens would be a demonstration sport at the 2012 London Olympics but many sports including sevens were dropped.[6]In Canada and the United States, rugby union evolved into gridiron football. During the late 1800s (and even the early 1900s), the two forms of the game were very similar (to the point where the United States was able to win the gold medal for rugby union at the 1924 Summer Olympics), numerous rule changes have differentiated the gridiron-based game from its rugby counterpart. Among unique features of the North American game are the separation of play into downs instead of releasing the ball immediately upon tackling, the requirement that the team with the ball set into a set formation for at least one second before resuming play after a tackle (and the allowance of up to 40 seconds to do so), the allowance for one forward pass from behind the site of the last tackle on each down, the evolution of hard plastic equipment (particularly the football helmet and shoulder pads), a smaller and pointier ball that is favorable to being passed but makes drop kicks impractical, a generally smaller and narrower field measured in customary units instead of metric (in some variants of the American game a field can be as short as 50 yards between end zon

Boock

Recently I`ve read a very interesting book that impressed me greatly. It was the novel by Vera Kryzhanovskaya \"Hellish charms\". Russian writer and spiritualist Vera Kryzhanovskaya was the first woman writer of science fiction in the world, and the first professional science fiction writer in Russia.She was born June 2, 1857 .Her Father was from an old noble family of the Tambov Province. In the 1880s and 90s she lived in Western Europe.Kryzhanovskaya was interested in ancient history and the occult, she even performed as a medium at sessions. Kryzhanovskaya`s Husband was a well known spiritualist S.V. Semenov.Following the spiritualists` tradition, Kryzhanovskaya stated that her novels had been dictated by the spirit of English poet John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester , who believed that a soul stayed on earth even after death . She wrote in French and then her works were translated into Russian.The main theme of her novels is the struggle of the divine and satanic forces, the dependence of man`s hidden forces and the forces of universe, the secrets of the primordial matter ... Reincarnation`s consciousness` and soul`s secrets , the writer has already disclosed in the historical novels (\"The Queen Hatasu\", for example). \"Hellish charms\" is one of the novels, where the ritual of bewitching is described. The headline reveals the main theme and idea of the novel. The story is about a girl who wanted to marry the man with good fortune and because of it she had to resort to black magic.It`s about love, sins and mistakes, about forgiveness. The book electrifies the reader, mystical experiences and psychology do not give an opportunity to relax.

boock

My Favourite BookIt\'s hard to imagine our lives without books. We learn a lot of interesting things when we read books. Books are our great friend, teachers and advisers. They teach us how to take the next step when we are in a difficult situation. They help to shape our life. It is impossible to become an educated person without books. Besides, books play an important role in upbringing our feelings, views and tastes; give us a lot of useful information. Frankly speaking I\'m not a bookworm but when I have spare time I read books with great pleasure. It seems to me that books are a source of emotional inspiration and romantic feelings, it\'s a miracle in some way, because an author provides a story and a reader can conjure the characters in his own way, to imagine how they look like, their voices, gestures and facial expressions, etc.I like to read books about adventures, great people and famous travellers, stories about animals and birds, fairy-tales and fables. When you read books you find yourselves in different lands. Together with the characters of the books you climb high mountains, go by ship in the stormy sea, and fly into space. In a ward, you have a lot of adventures.I have read a lot of interesting books, but my favourite book is \"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\" by Mark Twain. This well-known book is popular all over the world. The main character of the book is Tom Sawyer, who lived in a small town on the Mississippi River. He had wild imagination. He liked to play games with his friends. They often dreamed of different adventures. Tom was sometimes naughty and never quite.

Turkey situation

The situation (in Turkey) is now calming down... On my return from this visit, the problems will be solved," the premier told a news conference in Rabat."The Republican People's Party and other dissidents have a hand in these events," he said, speaking alongside his Moroccan counterpart Abdelilah Benkirane.The demonstrations in Turkey started on Friday over an unpopular plan to redevelop a park in central Istanbul but boiled over into general anti-government protests that have since spread to scores of cities across the country, after a heavy-handed initial response by the police.At least one young protester has been killed since the unrest began, according to medics, and hundreds of people injured during clashes between police and protesters."In the beginning, the events were caused by the problem of trees. But then the protesters were pushed by people who failed to win the elections," Erdogan said in Rabat.Asked about the more conciliatory comments by his ally President Abdullah Gul, who acknowledged the demonstrators' right to protest and promised that their voice had been heard, Erdogan again struck an intransigent note."I don't know what the president said, but for me, democracy comes from the ballot box."Gul had earlier said that "democracy does not only mean elections," and called on "all my citizens to... state their objections and views in a peaceful way, as they have done."Erdogan's Maghreb tour comes on the fourth straight day of protests that have turned into the biggest outburst of anger his Islamist-rooted government since it took power more than a decade ago.

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